• Isotope dilution technique (e.g. assessment of hepatic glucose production and gluconeogenesis)
• Intensive and long-term PK-sampling (experience with in-house sampling periods of up to three weeks in our 35 bed PK-unit)
• Continuous monitoring of metabolites (e.g. with the microdialysis technique)
• Frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (minimal model, assessment of insulin sensitivity and ß-cell function)
• Indirect calorimetry
• Adipose tissue and muscle biopsies
• Air displacement plethysmography (measurement of body composition)
• Telemetry, blood pressure and SO₂ monitoring
• Electroencephalography
• Spirometry
• Sonography
• Computerized visual analogue scale
• Fundus photography

Further methods such as quantification of visceral and liver fat mass with MRI, in vivo quantification of glucose transport and phosphorylation with FDG-PET, and invasive procedures with cardiac catheters are available through established cooperations with academic partners.

 

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